The Patient Assessment System (PAS): A structured "Visible System" for evaluating injuries (Scene Size-up, Primary Survey, Secondary Survey).

Navigation & Route Planning: Using topographic maps and GPS to estimate travel time based on elevation gain (Naismith’s Rule).

Leave No Trace (LNT): The 7 principles of environmental ethics (Standard 4).

Physiology of Survival: Knowledge of how the body regulates temperature (Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation) to prevent Hypothermia/Hyperthermia.

Task Initiation: Efficiently "Managing tasks and materials" by packing a "10 Essentials" pack within a specific time frame.

Planning & Organization: Working in Intentional Groupings to plan a menu, calculate caloric needs, and organize a communal campsite.

Productive Struggle: Navigating off-trail or managing a complex "Moulage" (simulated injury) where the teacher uses Questioning versus telling to guide their medical decisions.

Emotional Regulation: Staying focused during a high-pressure "Mock Rescue" where they must treat a "victim" while managing their own stress.

Discourse: Students perform a "3 Reads" of a medical scenario and formulate a plan of action.

Visible Systems: Setting up a "Bear Triangle" (Sleeping, Cooking, and Food Storage 200ft apart).

Productive Struggle: Building a  fire using steel and flint. 

Authentic Challenge: A full-scale simulation where teams find a "victim," stabilize them, and build a litter to evacuate them.