Students will know how to:

-Apply the law of conservation of energy to analyze and predict energy transformations in physical systems

-Use models to explain how energy is transferred between objects and within systems through work and heat

-Analyze and compare different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiant energy

-Explain how heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation using particle-level reasoning

-Analyze real-world energy systems to evaluate efficiency and energy loss

-Compare renewable and nonrenewable energy sources using data on availability, environmental impact, and efficiency

-Design and evaluate simple energy conversion systems using evidence-based reasoning

Core Topics

-Law of conservation of energy

-Energy transformations in systems

-Kinetic and potential energy relationships

-Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation

-Renewable vs nonrenewable energy resources

-Energy efficiency and energy loss

-Engineering design of energy conversion systems

NGSS Performance Expectations

HS-PS3-1 – Develop models to analyze energy transfer in systems

HS-PS3-2 – Apply conservation of energy to explain energy transformations

HS-PS3-3 – Design and evaluate energy conversion devices

HS-ESS3-1 – Evaluate environmental impacts of energy resource use

Essential Questions students will be able to answer:

-How is energy conserved and transformed in real-world systems?

-How does energy move through matter and change forms during interactions?

-How do conduction, convection, and radiation differ at the particle level?

-How do human energy choices affect the environment and society?

-How can energy efficiency be measured and improved in systems?

-How can engineering be used to design better energy conversion devices?

Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs):

-Developing and Using Models

-Analyzing and Interpreting Data

-Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

-Designing Solutions

-Constructing Explanations

Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs):

-Energy and Matter

-Systems and System Models

-Cause and Effect

-Stability and Change

-Unit test with multi-step energy system analysis

-Heat transfer investigations with explanation of particle motion

-Energy transformation modeling in mechanical and thermal systems

-Engineering design challenge (energy conversion device with evaluation of efficiency)

-Data analysis of renewable vs nonrenewable energy sources

-CER writing explaining conservation of energy in real-world systems