Lesson 1: Mastering the Compass & Declination

Why does "North" on your map not always match "North" on your compass?

Magnetic North, True North, Grid North, Declination, Azimuth/Bearing.

2.12.3 Demonstrates knowledge of tactics and strategies within outdoor pursuits.

Level 1: Identify the three different "Norths" found on a standard topographic map.

Level 3: Explain how failing to adjust for a 12-degree declination affects your position after traveling 1,000 meters.

Orienteering is often called "culling the map." In the real world, this is a vital survival skill for search and rescue, forestry, and military operations. Beyond the technicality, it builds "executive function"—the ability to filter out distracting information and focus on specific data points while under physical exertion. It teaches you to trust your tools (the compass) over your instincts (the feeling of being lost).

Materials List

Orienteering is just using a map.

Create groups with varying skills and abilities
Create challenges with varying levels of difficulty

Students will demonstrate being able to follow three successive bearings to reach a specific target within a 5-meter radius.

• Mapping: High-resolution 1:5,000 or 1:10,000 scale IOF (International Orienteering Federation) maps.

• Navigation: Silva or Suunto baseplate compasses (with adjustable declination).

• Course Gear: Control points (orange/white flags), electronic timing "punches" (or manual pin punches).

• Safety: Whistles (required for all students), bright vests, and "safety bearing" cards for the local area.