Lesson 2: Exploration of Parts

1. Why does a longer "lever arm" require more torque to lift?


2. What is the difference between "Speed" and "Torque" in a gear train?


3. How does friction at the bearing flat affect motor efficiency?

Torque, Gear Ratio, Center of Mass, Structural Rigidity, Friction, Cantilever, Bearing Flat.

NGSS MS-PS3-5: Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.


CSTA 2-CS-02: Design projects that combine hardware and software components.

Description: A series of mini-labs where students build "test rigs" (not full robots) to test gear ratios, lever arms, and motor strength.


Purpose: To build a mental library of mechanical solutions before starting the official "Swept Away" build.


DOK Level: 3 (Strategic Thinking)

In this course, we recognize that students enter the lab with varying levels of technical experience. Our differentiation strategy employs a 'Scaffolded Autonomy' approach. We provide structured, step-by-step guidance for foundational concepts while offering open-ended, 'Design Challenge' extensions for advanced learners. By utilizing peer-mentorship models, diverse instructional media (visual, tactile, and digital), and flexible project pathways, we ensure every student can move from consumer to creator at their own pace.

The "Stress Test" Presentation: Pairs must build a simple "arm" that can lift a 1lb weight. They must demonstrate their gear setup and explain why they chose a specific ratio (Torque vs. Speed) based on the "Swept Away" game pieces.