The Cartesian Coordinate System (X, Y, Z axes) as the "GPS" of a machine tool.
The difference between Absolute Positioning (where the machine goes) and Incremental Positioning (how far it moves from where it is).
The logic of CNC Milling and Turning.

Plot tool paths on a coordinate grid to simulate a machining cycle.

"Coordinate Battleship": Practice moving between G90 (Absolute) and G91 (Incremental) positioning without "crashing" the virtual tool

The CNC Action Project: Students design a basic bolt-hole pattern on a coordinate plane and translate those points into a manual program or a physical layout on a workpiece.