Lesson 3: Covalent Bonding & Nomenclature (Simple Hydrocarbons)
Duration of Days: 3
Lesson Objective
SWBAT differentiate between ionic and covalent bonding.
SWBAT explain the formation of covalent bonds through the sharing of electrons and differentiate between single, double, and triple bonds.
SWBAT apply the rules of nomenclature to name and write formulas for binary covalent compounds.
SWBAT the rules of nomenclature to name and write formulas for simple hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes).
SWBAT draw Lewis structures for simple covalent molecules (e.g., H2O, CH4).
SWBAT name and write formulas for basic hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes).
SWBAT explain how molecular geometry affects properties (e.g., polarity, boiling point).
How does covalent bonding differ from ionic bonding?
How do single, double, and triple bonds differ in terms of electron sharing?
What are the rules for naming binary covalent compounds?
How do you write the correct formula for a binary covalent compound?
What are hydrocarbons and what are the different types?
What are the rules for naming and writing formulas for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?
Covalent bond
Single bond
Double bond
Triple bond
Lewis structure
Shared pair
Lone pair
Binary covalent compound
Prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.)
Nomenclature
Hydrocarbon
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Saturated hydrocarbon
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
HS-PS1-1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.
These standardized tests often include questions that assess the understanding of covalent bonding and nomenclature. Students may be asked to:
Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
Identify the types of bonds in a molecule.
Apply nomenclature rules to name or write formulas for covalent compounds and hydrocarbons.
Day 1: Covalent Bond Formation
Description: This lesson introduces the concept of covalent bonding, focusing on how atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Students will learn to draw Lewis structures to represent covalent bonds, including single, double, and triple bonds.
Purpose: To establish the fundamental principles of covalent bonding and how it differs from ionic bonding.
DOK Level: 2 (Understand)
Day 2: Covalent Nomenclature
Description: This lesson covers the rules for naming and writing formulas for binary covalent compounds. Students will learn to use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound.
Purpose: To develop students' ability to name and write formulas for simple covalent compounds using the correct nomenclature.
DOK Level: 3 (Apply)
Day 3: Hydrocarbon Nomenclature
Description: This lesson introduces hydrocarbons and their classification into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Students will learn the specific nomenclature rules for naming and writing formulas for these simple hydrocarbons.
Purpose: To extend students' understanding of covalent nomenclature to include organic compounds, specifically simple hydrocarbons.
DOK Level: 3 (Apply)
Day 1:
Discuss the importance of covalent bonds in biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA.
Day 2:
Connect the naming of simple covalent compounds to their uses in everyday life or industry (e.g., carbon dioxide, water).
Day 3:
Relate the study of hydrocarbons to the importance of fossil fuels as energy sources and their impact on society and the environment.
Discuss the role of hydrocarbons in various cultural practices (e.g., traditional uses of plant-derived oils).
Day 1:
Students may confuse covalent bonding with ionic bonding.
Students may struggle with drawing Lewis structures correctly, especially for molecules with multiple bonds.
Day 2:
Students may forget to use prefixes in the names of covalent compounds.
Students may mix up the order of elements in the formula.
Day 3:
Students may have difficulty distinguishing between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Students may struggle with applying the correct prefixes and suffixes when naming hydrocarbons.
Support:
Provide visual aids such as diagrams and models to illustrate covalent bond formation.
Use manipulatives (e.g., ball-and-stick models) to represent molecules.
Provide partially completed Lewis structures for students to finish.
Offer extra practice with simpler examples before moving on to more complex ones.
Challenge:
Have students research and present on the properties and uses of specific covalent compounds or hydrocarbons.
Introduce the concept of structural isomers.
Explore the nomenclature of more complex organic molecules.
Formative:
Class discussions and questioning.
Worksheet practice.
Whiteboard activities.
Observation of student participation in activities.
Summative:
End-of-lesson quizzes.
'4'5-3.2-Oxidation#&Nomenclature Combo (Print) (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EjSoUY9PBTu6o_TgwvpN8V_HyWZd92raDDQFj1mf2c0/edit?usp=sharing)
2023Chemical Bonding Quiz(https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HaoW5Tsl-UZlZOBCQVx2Vn5Xz82X0QMLXVBsBcVIYH0/edit?usp=sharing)