Unit 9: Application of Thermodynamics

In this unit students will connect the principles and calculations learned in units 5-8. They will gain an understanding of the fact that thermodynamics of a chemical reaction is connected to both the structural aspects of the reaction and the macroscopic outcomes of the reaction. This means that all changes in matter (chemical or physical) involve some form of energy change. This can be observed through three main processes: heating/cooling, phase changes and chemical reactions. By applying the laws of thermodynamics students will be able to describe the essential role of energy and explain/predict the direction of changes in matter.

- Support a claim with evidence from representations or models at the particulate level, such as the structure of atoms and/or molecules.
- Calculate, estimate, or predict an unknown quantity from known quantities by selecting and following a logical computational pathway and attending to precision (significant figures).
- Provide reasoning to justify a claim using connections between particulate and macroscopic scales or level and/or using mathematical models.
- Explain the degree to which a model or representation describes the connection between particulate-level properties and macroscopic properties.
- Explain how modifications to an experimental procedure will alter results.
- Identify an appropriate theory, definition, or mathematical relationship to solve a problem.

Score a 3 or higher on the unit 9 progress check using the AP score scale:

72-100% = 5

58-71% = 4

42-57% = 3

27-41% = 2

0-26% = 1