Lesson 2: MONOHYBRID AND COMPLEX PUNNETT SQUARES
Duration of Days: 5
Lesson Objective
LP 3.2:
I can use patterns in a monohybrid punnett square as evidence to support a claim that explains the inheritance of traits.
How do parent combination effect the child's phenotype?
What is the rate at which a child will have certain traits?
HS-LS3-3
Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population
Boundary-Does not include Hardy-Weinberg calculations.
A connection to the SAT can be made through the development of critical thinking and analytical skills. Understanding how DNA carries genetic information and how traits are inherited and varied allows students to interpret complex scientific texts and make inferences, which are key skills tested in the SAT Reading and Writing sections. The concepts of genetic inheritance, variation, and the impact of environmental factors require students to analyze and synthesize information from different sources, much like they are asked to do in the SAT when evaluating scientific passages and drawing conclusions based on evidence. Additionally, understanding the biological processes behind inheritance and mutation aligns with the SAT's emphasis on data interpretation and logical reasoning.
LS1.A: Structure and Function
All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins. (secondary to HS-LS3-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS1-1.)
LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits
Each chromosome consists of a single very long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome is a particular segment of that DNA. The instructions for forming species’ characteristics are carried in DNA. All cells in an organism have the same genetic content, but the genes used (expressed) by the cell may be regulated in different ways. Not all DNA codes for a protein; some segments of DNA are involved in regulatory or structural functions, and some have no as-yet known function. (HS-LS3-1)
LS3.B: Variation of Traits
In sexual reproduction, chromosomes can sometimes swap sections during the process of meiosis (cell division), thereby creating new genetic combinations and thus more genetic variation. Although DNA replication is tightly regulated and remarkably accurate, errors do occur and result in mutations, which are also a source of genetic variation. Environmental factors can also cause mutations in genes, and viable mutations are inherited. (HS-LS3-2)
Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors. (HS-LS3-2),(HS-LS3-3)
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